History Of Unix
Before Unix, there was an innovative time-sharing operating system, called Multics made for the GE-645 mainframe. Multics developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and General Electric in the mid-1960s. Multics introduced many innovations but also had many problems. Bell Labs slowly pulled out of the project when they Frustrated by the size and complexity of Multics but not by the aims to created it, so their last researchers to leave Multics, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, M. D. McIlroy, and J. F. Ossanna, decided to redo the work but this time on a much smaller scale.
So, they started work on the project in 1969 at AT&T's Bell Laboratories. They named it Unics which stands for Uniplexed Information and Computing Service and pronounced as 'eunuchs'. While making a quip on Multics, the word Unics used by Peter Neumann. Unfortunately, no one remembered who came up with the final spelling Unix.
First released in 1971, Unix was written entirely in assembly language, but in the year 1973, it was rewritten in the C programming language by Dennis Ritchie. The availability of a high-level language implementation of Unix made its porting to different computer platforms easier.
AT&T was required to license the operating system's source code to anyone who asked, because of an earlier antitrust case unwelcoming it from entering the computer business. Then Unix grew very quickly and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses.
In 1984, AT&T freed of the legal obligation requiring free licensing and Bell Labs began selling Unix as a proprietary product when AT&T divested itself of Bell Labs. That time users weren't legally allowed to modify Unix.
In the year 1983, The GNU project started and in 1984 work began, by Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a "complete Unix-compatible software system" composed entirely of free software. Later, in 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and in 1989 he wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL).
In 90s many of the programs required like text editors, Unix shell, libraries etc. in an operating system ware completed, although many low-level elements were stalled and incomplete like Deamons, the kernel, device drivers.
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